ABSTRACT
Abstract: Background: Hereditary angioedema is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by potentially life-threatening angioedema attacks. Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic features of a family with angioedema attacks. Methods: The medical history, clinical features and C1-INH gene mutation of a Turkish family were investigated and outcomes of long-term treatments were described. Results: Five members had experienced recurrent swellings on the face and extremities triggered by trauma. They were all misdiagnosed as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) depending on frequent abdominal pain and were on colchicine therapy for a long time. They had low C4 and C1-INH protein concentrations and functions. A mutation (c.1247T>A) in C1-INH gene was detected. They were diagnosed as having hereditary angioedema with C1-INH deficiency (C1-INH hereditary angioedema) for the first time. Three of them benefited from danazol treatment without any significant adverse events and one received weekly C1 esterase replacement treatment instead of danazol since she had a medical history of thromboembolic stroke. Study limitations: Small sample size of participants. Conclusion: Patients with C1-INH hereditary angioedema may be misdiagnosed as having familial Mediterranean fever in regions where the disorder is endemic. Medical history, suspicion of hereditary angioedema and laboratory evaluations of patients and their family members lead the correct diagnoses of hereditary angioedema. Danazol and C1 replacement treatments provide significant reduction in hereditary angioedema attacks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Danazol/therapeutic use , Estrogen Antagonists/therapeutic use , Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/genetics , Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy , Pedigree , Time Factors , Turkey , Base Sequence , Gene Amplification , Treatment Outcome , Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/therapeutic use , Angioedemas, Hereditary/diagnosis , Angioedemas, Hereditary/genetics , MutationABSTRACT
En el mundo, el angioedema hereditario (HAE) afecta a 1 de cada 50 000 personas. Produce episodios de angioedema cutáneo, abdominal y laríngeos que generan gran incapacidad. La mortalidad por la enfermedad oscila entre 15 y 50%. Aunque en Argentina un concentrado plasmático de C1 inhibidor (pdC1INH) ha estado aprobado y disponible por décadas para el tratamiento del ataque agudo, solo 15 (26%) de 58 pacientes había recibido pdC1INH alguna vez hasta el año 2008, y solo 2(3.4%) lo usaban regularmente. Luego de la aprobación de los nuevos medicamentos para HAE, incluido el icatibant en Argentina y de la publicación de las guías terapéuticas, 42 (82%) de 51 pacientes del grupo original tienen pdC1INH para tratar el próximo ataque. Sin embargo, 16 (18%) de estos pacientes continúan sin acceso a la medicación y otros 15 (35.7%) acceden a través de otro enfermo en forma espuria. Solo 12 (28.6%) de los pacientes con el medicamento puede auto tratarse en su domicilio. La mejora en el acceso a la medicación es importante pero debe extenderse a todos los afectados y facilitarse el auto-tratamiento.
In the world, hereditary angioedema (HAE) affects 1every 50 000 persons. It is characterized by highly disabling and recurrent episodes of cutaneous, abdominal and laryngeal episodes of angioedema. Asphyxia related mortality ranges from 15 to 50%. In Argentina a plasma derived C1 inhibitor concentrate (pdC1INH) has been available for the treatment of acute attacks for many decades, however, only15 (26%) out of 58 patients had received pdC1INH at least once until 2008, and only2 (3.4%) had used it regularly. After worldwide approval of the new drugs for the treatment of acute HAE attacks, adding icatibant to pdC1INH in Argentina, and after publication of the therapeutic guide for the country, 42 (82%) out of 51 patients from the original group has pdC1INH available to treat their next attack. However, 16 (18%) patients continue without access to medication and other 15 (35.7%) obtain their therapy spuriously through some other affected relative in their environment. Only 12 (28.6%) patients of the group self-treated at home. Access to treatment has greatly improved, but needs to be extended to all patients and self-treatment at home should be encouraged.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angioedemas, Hereditary/drug therapy , Bradykinin/analogs & derivatives , Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents/therapeutic use , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Acute Disease , Argentina , Bradykinin/therapeutic use , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
El angioedema hereditario (HAE) es una enfermedad rara, autosómica dominante, caracterizada por episodios que comprometen la piel, el tracto gastrointestinal y la laringe. Tiene una mortalidad histórica por asfixia del 15 al 50%. Es producida por la deficiencia funcional del C1 inhibidor. La identificación de la bradiquinina como mediador principal ha estimulado el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos para tratar la enfermedad. El tratamiento del HAE se establece en consensos internacionales. El desarrollo de guías para el tratamiento de la enfermedad permite ordenar el uso de procedimientos diagnósticos y drogas. Describimos aquí algunas características farmacológicas de los medicamentos utilizados en el tratamiento del HAE en la Argentina: el concentrado plasmático de C1 inhibidor, el antagonista de la bradiquinina, icatibant, el andrógeno atenuado danazol y los agentes anti-fibrinolíticos ácidos épsilon aminocaproico (EACA) y tranexámico. Asimismo, se describe su forma de uso y del control de los eventos adversos más frecuentes, así como las recomendaciones del último consenso internacional, aplicables para conformar una primera guía de tratamiento del HAE en la Argentina.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant disease, characterized by episodes of edema involving the skin, gastrointestinal tract and larynx. HAE has a historical asphyxia mortality of 15% to 50%. It is the consequence of functional C1 inhibitor deficiency. The identification of bradykinin as the principal mediator of the disease has lead to the development of new drugs for its treatment. HAE management and treatment are agreed by international consensus decision. A therapeutic guide for the treatment of the disease is important to improve diagnosis and treatment. We here describe the pharmacology of drugs available for the treatment of HAE in Argentina: plasma derived C1 Inhibitor, the bradykinin antagonist: icatibant, the attenuated androgen danazol and the anti-fibrinolytic agents epsilonaminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid. Furthermore, we describe drug use and adverse effects control, as well as the last international consensus document recommendations applicable to Argentina to conform a first guide to HAE treatment in our country.